Irakere free essay sample

More dangerous is a Cuban band that is comprised of a few individuals which incorporate the authors Random De Esquires Romeo the Music Director and the Pianist which is Couch Valves. Jazz groups started framing In Cuba as right on time as the backtalk. These groups regularly Included both Cuban mainstream music and famous North American Jazz, and show tunes In their 59). More hazardous made another development In the melodic world; they opened numerous eyes as they were the initial ones to make Cuban Jazz music in 1973.What made the Riskier thus one of a kind was that they rehearsed and prepared in making ensemble music just as playing Jazz. As indicated by numerous individuals in Cuba Jazz was viewed as a four letter word in Cuba before Riskier was framed (May). During 1973 in Cuba a large number of the detainees and individuals from Cuba had relocated to Miami. What's more, In 1973 Riskier was framed. More hazardous is one of the groups that represent current Cuba, one of the most well known groups, especially present as a major aspect of the Havana social scene and everywhere throughout the island, (Scabies) this statement is from an Interview in 1994. We will compose a custom paper test on Irakere or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Since Couch was not American he was unable to build up with an American Jazz band and this Is the reason he chose to make his own band Riskier. The general style that this craftsman falls under Is Jazz, yet more explicitly It was alluded to as Afro-Cuban Jazz. More dangerous was so one of a kind in view of Its utilization of Jazz, rock, funk, traditional, and Cuban musicality. They had placed these sorts into one tune all simultaneously. More dangerous was an exceptionally unstable band with all their various rhythms put into one Ones).The music of Riskier was supposed to be extremely boisterous and not for the cowardly as portrayed by numerous melodic history specialists. Erasers music didn't generally change after some time anyway a portion of the individuals came in and at times left following a couple of years however the two fundamental pioneers continued as before, and their style of music continued as before consistently. The longest running gatherings with an assortment of artists would be Riskier (Chip). More dangerous was not so much affected by anybody this Is in all likelihood since they were the ones that made their own development in he melodic world.Artists In Riskier Included Arturo Sandal, Piquant Darleen, Bernard Garcia,Jose Luis Cortes, Angina Ditz, Fran Patella, and Carols Overhear. These individuals were a piece of the band sooner or later. Less secure was an exceptionally powerful band which was likewise profoundly regarded overall they were given regard which was very merited. It was considered as the best salsa move band in Cuba at the time which gave them regard. With everything taken into account, Riskier was an extraordinary band and had made a one of a kind class of music during the time.

My Neighbor Alice Essays - Kingdom Hearts Characters, Alice

My Neighbor Alice I recall when I was youthful, around seven or eight years of age, how I use to go outside in the mid year and play with my squishy toys and fanciful companions from early morning to the break of nightfall. I was all in all a rambuncious kid with a gigantic creative mind. My nearby neighbor Alice, would watch and see as I played in my terrace, at that point she'd giggle and return to tending her exquisite vegetable nursery. Alice and my mother both had vegetable gardens and would trade various types of veggies all through the season. In some cases they spread out together attempting to get a better than average tan. As the years gradually past, I sat on Alice's enormous entryway patio with her simply talking ceaselessly for a considerable length of time about anything we needed to, truly. She'd disclose to me how she used to think I was such a clever child when I used to play in the lawn and converse with myself with my toys and creatures. While I sat on the edge of the yard and tuned in, charmed by her accounts, Alice would shake to and fro in her rocker cheerfully smoking an incidental Marlboro menthol light cigarette. We'd cut up and poke fun at the papergirl she loathed on the grounds that the papergirl consistently tossed her paper in the shrubs, and we'd tattle about a portion of different neighbors on our square. At that point she'd disclose to me anecdotes about her children when they were my age and what sort of fiendishness they'd get into as they grew up. Ordinarily when I saw her out on her yard, I'd throw open our front entryway and go to her home. Be that as it may, I never slice through her grass! No chance! I generally took the long path by utilizing the walkway. Her and her better half Charles invested a ton of energy accomplishing yard work, keeping their garden looking decent and having a flowerbed by the side of the house, so I never set foot on their grass just out of regard. Nobody at any point advised me not to stroll on their grass, it was simply I knew better! In some cases at night after I was finished chasing fireflies, I'd retreat back to Alice's patio and we'd forget about them together and watch them shine. At that point we'd let them proceed to make wishes in spite of the fact that the desires I made never worked out, it was as yet amusing to imagine. Charles would in some cases go along with us on the patio and appreciate the natural air the late-spring evening brought to the table us, as he'd assemble his white calico feline into his lap and tenderly stroke her delicate textured coat until she started a tough loosened up murmur. Presently, I don't recall what precisely the feline's genuine name was. Alice couldn't have cared less much for her; she called the feline ?Sourpuss? while Charlie would call her in consistently saying ?Come on in now ole sweetheart.? Alice would some of the time swear all over that Charles cherished that feline all the more then her occasionally. Alice and Charles made such a pleasant couple, decent looking individuals for their age and all around pleasant individuals. I could see that Alice had been a decent looking lady when she was more youthful as she despite everything seemed, by all accounts, to be for her age. Light tanish light hair, with twinkling hazel eyes with decent glasses that surrounded her face well. I felt so near Alice, I felt she was another grandma to me. Concerning my genuine grandma, who visits my home consistently in light of the fact that she lives close by, would regularly visit Alice also and they'd have a pleasant talk. At that point, I fired growing up. I would in any case visit Alice sometimes yet the visits gradually ground to a halt. At the point when I had arrived at my first year in secondary school, I'd walk home toward the evening and some of the time find her leaving to go to work. She was a LPN at Reid at that point, and had been for quite a while. After my first year, I moved in with my Dad in Virginia for a long time. At whatever point I came into town to visit my mother however, I'd stop by Alice's and perceive how she was doing. She was generally so energized

The real O.C.

The real O.C. (as opposed to other OCs) Im in Orange County California, in a hotel shouting distance from Knotts Berry Farm. But it hasnt been all fun games; Ive conducted 2 Central Meetings (CMs) already, with four more to go. On Wednesday, after a couple school visits, I had the chance to have a picnic-style dinner with the Orange County Educational Counselors (OC ECs), coordinated by Regional Chair Joanna Tan, M.D. A subset of the Orange County ECs, having a nice picnic dinner. Directly following the dinner was a Central Meeting. We had a nice turnout for the meeting, despite the ubiquitous Southern California traffic. Halfway through the meeting, the ECs had the opportunity to address the audience. At left, two ECs help the attending crowd check in. At right, EC Joanna Tan introduces the OC ECs. I think all of the Admissions Officers were just a little jealous that Bryan got his name in lights at the Detroit/Ann Arbor CM. Yesterday, though, as I arrived at a school visit, I also had my name on a billboard. The school was Whitney High School in Cerritos, CA; long time blog readers may remember that last year around this time, I read a book about Whitney (they did not seem to be terribly pleased with the book). The school visit had a nice turnout and good conversation. Todays college visitors (left); a discussion with Whitney students, with EC Mark Milam facing the students (right). Following my visit at Whitney, I headed down the street to another quality public school, Oxford Academy. Unfortunately, I was a little late for my visit (I apologize!). The life of an admissions officer on the road can be hectic, and sadly we do run late sometimes. However, when I arrived, I was greeted by a huge crowd of lively juniors and seniors in the school theater. Friendly students at Oxford Academy. Later yesterday, I made my way into Westwood (home of UCLA) for a quick email check and boba, followed by a sit-down dinner with some Los Angeles ECs. After quickly eating a salad (like I said, life on the road can be hectic), I hopped back in the car around the corner to our Westwood-area Central Meeting. The room was unpredictably hot (despite our best efforts with the A/C), and attendance was a little larger than predicted, but nevertheless I think the meeting went quite well. The audience turns to their right to hear Regional Chair Tom Leo answer a question about MIT alumni helping MIT students get jobs. Ive also had some great meals. I love traveling to try the different foods and restaurants of different cities. Heres a sample: Ka-Ju Soft Tofu, a Korean restaurant in Garden Grove, had some delicious tofu. I tried the Kimchi Beef Tofu Soup, which was served bubbling over in a metal pot. Banh Mi Cho Cu, a Vietnamese bakery/deli in Westminster, served some delicious and cheap subs (banh mi); mine was a breakfast version with eggs. I stumbled upon Rose Market after the Westwood CM, which served some of the most delicious ice cream Ive ever tasted. After sampling the different flavors, I chose the rosewater ice cream. Today, I head down to San Diego; it will be my first trip there. I have some interesting things on my San Diego itinerary (stay tuned), so Im looking forward to it. And later this weekend, big Central Meetings in San Diego (Saturday at 2pm) and Pomona (Sunday at 2pm). Should be fun!

Generalized Anxiety Disorder Symptoms And Treatments

Generalized Anxiety Disorder is a common mental disorder associated with excessive unnecessary worrying. There are many causes, symptoms, and treatments associated with it. While Generalized Anxiety Disorder can be paralyzing to an individual, with proper treatment a person can still function and live a normal life. Generalized Anxiety Disorder first became an individual disorder in 1980. Woodman stated in her article, â€Å"The American Psychiatric Association separated anxiety neurosis into (1) panic disorder, characterized by spontaneous episodes of intense anxiety, and (2) Generalized Anxiety Disorder, a residual category for patients who have chronic, sustained anxiety without panic attacks† (Woodman, 1997). The separation of the two disorders was made at the time because of the responses people had with different medications. According to Woodman, Generalized Anxiety Disorder was finally given an independent status and a set of defined criteria of symptoms in DSM-11-R, with the main symptom of Generalized Anxiety Disorder being excessive worry. It is now known that it is differentiated by more than just different reactions to medicines, but with more systematical studies done, the symptom checklist has been edited to best discriminate between normal and pathological anxiety (Woodman , 1997). As in many mental disorders there are no set causes for Generalized Anxiety Disorder, but there are many contributing factors. Some of those factors include: genetics, environmentalShow MoreRelatedSymptoms and Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder687 Words   |  3 PagesSymptoms and Treatment Strategies for Generalized Anxiety Disorder Abstract One of the common disorders includes anxiety disorders. These disorders are exaggerations of our adaptive and normal reaction to stressful or fearful events. It is normal to feel scared or tense when facing any stressful situation. Anxiety is the natural response of human body. When a normal human being feels threatened, his natural body response behaves like an automatic alarm. Anxiety disorder is not a bad thing; it helpsRead MoreInformative Speech On Symptoms, Diagnosis, And Treatment Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder1420 Words   |  6 Pages Planning for the Informative Speech with Analysis Speech Topic: To inform my audience of the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of Generalized anxiety disorder Rhetorical Purpose: To inform my audience about . . . Their own mental profile and how to recognize the symptoms so they can help themselves and others around them Audience Analysis: (Refer to chapter on Audience Analysis) (RU Core Goal: a) Summarize Audience demographics, prior exposure/knowledge, common ground/interest, disposition/attitudeRead MoreGeneralized Anxiety Disorder1632 Words   |  6 PagesGeneralized Anxiety Disorder Research Paper I choose to research Generalized Anxiety Disorder for my research topic. This disorder is one of the most arguably common faced encounters clinicians deal with today. Because of this I choose to focus much of my emphasis on the difficulties one face, that’s diagnosed with GAD and the hard ship of building and maintain a good client relationship. Generalized anxiety disorder begins at the onset of a worry and or tension that carries on into more severeRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Essay1085 Words   |  5 PagesGeneralized Anxiety Disorders Introduction to the paper Anxiety is a component found within many other mental disorders. The most common is depression. There are a number of anxiety disorders in the DSM, we will be looking at generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Generalized anxiety disorder causes one to worry and have anxiety about an event or activity that will most likely intensify and have a high impact on that particular activity or event. An individual diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorderRead MoreGeneralized Anxiety Disorder Essay1602 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Case Analysis: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Bryan Wood Abnormal Psychology Professor Powell April 14, 2015 Bryan Wood Mr. Powell PSY 322 April 14, 2015 Case Analysis: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) â€Å"During a panic attack, the first thing you want to do is get out of the situation that is causing it. However, since most professors find it disrespectful to leave during class, I had to sit for an hour and half in this agonizing state†¦It was as if I had terminal cancerRead MoreGeneralized Anxiety Disorder771 Words   |  3 Pagescountry are affected, it is estimated that â€Å"5% - 6% of teens ages 13-18 are affected by this troubling disorder, not including the teens that receive no treatment,† (â€Å"Generalized†). Youth that receive no treatment could be considered are under privileged. Meaning that they do not have the resources or are very limited to resources that could help them get the proper treatment for their disorder. Many of those adolescents are children that come from low income families, single family homes, or fosterRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder824 Words   |  4 Pages Anxiety/OCD/PTSD Disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder PTSD When it comes to generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) though they differ in each diagnosis, they also can share a unique bond with each other. Both diagnoses can co-occur among patients. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-V), post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental health condition that s triggeredRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pages The basis and length of Ms. Hendricks symptoms of worry, and feeling overwhelmed is closely related to Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a highly prevalent disorder characterized by excessive worry or anxiety about everyday events, whether they are internal or external or originating in the past, present, and/or future (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). The symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder result from increase, typical, inflexible interactions ofRead More generalized anxiety disorder Essay1107 Words   |  5 Pages Generalized Anxiety Disorder Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic and often disabling condition that is associated with uncontrollable worry and tension. The vicious cycle of anxiety and worry interferes with relationships, careers, and education, and often leads to depression. This disorder is much more than the normal anxiety that everyone experiences from time to time, and can be crippling in its severity. GAD is unlikely to disappear without proper treatment, and often worsens overRead MoreGeneralized Anxiety Disorder Is A Mental Disorder That1410 Words   |  6 PagesGeneralized anxiety disorder is a mental disorder that affects approximately four to five percent of the general population. This disorder can be illustrated by excessive anxiety and worry that lasts a minimum of six months and deals with various events or activities. People who struggle with this disorder have difficulties controlling their worry; this worry can permeate into every action or thought which leads to increased anxiety . Moreover, people with generalized anxiety disorder exhibit at least

The Physics of Basketball Essay - 1950 Words

The Physics of Basketball There are many aspects to the game of basketball and physics can be applied to all of them. Although to be good at basketball it is not necessary to play it from a physics point of view. Basketball players become good by developing muscle memory for the actions that must be performed in the game of basketball from years of practice. Nevertheless knowing some of the physics in the game of basketball can help a good player be a better player. In this paper I will cover the three most important aspects of the game, shooting, dribbling and passing. The most important part of the game of basketball is shooting the basketball, after all the object of the game is to put the basketball through the basket. A†¦show more content†¦The first description of a shot was described earlier as simply a shot but more specifically can be referenced to a jump shot. The second way to look at shooting the basketball using physics is referred to as a layup. The difference between the two is that a jump shot has little or no horizontal movement toward the basket. Instead the jump shot relies strictly on vertical movement. Specifically the shooter will be stopped and jump using two feet straight up and down vertically and push the basketball off the finger tips to obtain the force and angle to get the ball to the basket. The layup on the other hand is done by the shooter jumping off of one foot while running. The shooter jumps vertically and uses the momentum from running to propel horizontally toward the basket. The shooter is generally cl oser to the basket while shooting a layup versus a jump shot. The same physics that were applied to the jump shot are applied to the layup as well. There is still an angle and force that the ball would need to travel toward the basket but since the shooter is moving horizontally toward the basket velocity will play more of factor. Since the balls velocity is the sum of the shooters speed and the balls speed the ball does not need as much force to get to the basket but it is more or less just let go of or dropped off into the basket. This also explains the slam dunk. Instead of dropping the ball intoShow MoreRelatedPhysics of Basketball640 Words   |  3 PagesPhysics takes part in our everyday lives without us even recognizing it. In simple every day functions like when we walk, how our vehicles function properly, and even how we play sports. We go on each day with no recognition of physics until it is pointed out to us. The concept of physics is the study of fundamental structures and interactions in the physical universe. We learn physics to get a better understanding of the universe and the objects in it (Ostdiek). Now, that I have given you a briefRead More The Physics of Basketball Essay1466 Words   |  6 PagesThe Physics of Basketball The NBA playoffs are making the headlines all over. Every news channel, sports channel, and newspaper has a story about the big games. Everyone is making bets as to who will be the big champions. Will it be the defending champions, Los Angeles Lakers, or will it possibly be one of the underdogs. This is the most intensive time of year for basketball fans as they watch the teams battle out the game. Up and down the court, the turnovers, rebounds, fast breaks, andRead More The Physics of Basketball Essay1350 Words   |  6 PagesThe Physics of Basketball The more and more I look around I begin to see how physics are integrated into practically everything that we do. These things would surely go unnoticed without making a conscious effort to notice them. For example simple things like riding a bike, or driving a car, or playing catch with a son or daughter. Just as these activities are loaded with elements of physics, sports are also, especially basketball. Physics play a part in every aspect of the game, from dribblingRead More The Physics of Basketball Essay1832 Words   |  8 PagesThe Physics of Basketball Introduction Any child can pick up a basketball, bounce it a few times, and throw it at the hoop without realizing the complex physics he is involving himself in. However, a greater understanding of the sport can be gained by applying the principles of physics to these actions. Through this paper I will be examining the physics of dribbling and shooting. For the equations, I will use a standard men’s basketball with a mass of 25 oz. (0.7 kg) and a diameter of 9.39†Read More Physics of Basketball Essay1867 Words   |  8 Pagesgreatest game of all time. Basketball was invented December 1891 at a YMCA gymnasium in Springfield, Massachusetts. The game was invented to be an indoor game for students to play during the cold winter months since there were no previous indoor game that could involve a whole class. Basketball started out with only 13 rules that were made by Naismith in 1891 and the rules have continued to grow and change up to present day. The change that had the biggest impact on how basketball is played was the introductionRead MoreChapter 4 : Displacement Of The Basketball1182 Words   |  5 PagesChapter 4: Displacement of the basketball Part 1: Fundamentals As there are many different aspects of physics found in the sport of basketball, I am going to summarise and talk about the fundamental physics that always take place on a basketball when moving, I will be defining the aspect of physics from prior knowledge and also, evaluating and explaining the main aspects of physics found in basketball and how they are applicable. The main elements of physics found in basketball that I will be analysingRead MoreThe Force to Dribble a Basketball833 Words   |  4 PagesIf you think about it, it’s almost impossible to measure the force that it takes to dribble a basketball, unless you have the right tools. Let’s just think about the basic physics that you should know. In order to dribble a basketball you need to apply enough force for the ball to go from your hand to the floor and back up to your hand. When the ball is in your hand it is holding potential energy. Potential energy is the energy that is about to be transferred into kinetic energy, which is when theRead More Personal History Essay1193 Words   |  5 Pages I am satisfied with what I have become; a student specializing in Physics with special interests in experimental Condensed Matter Physics. I grew up in a very small town. A town not fully developed; there were very few resources and not many quality schools to acquire a solid education. I had to pass an entrance exam to get into a good school for 8th grade at a time when most students in my town would drop out of school after 7th grade in order to search for work and support their families. Read MoreBasketball Vs. Basketball822 Words   |  4 PagesThese were the exact words of basketball hall of famer Michael Jordan, a person who can be debated as the greatest basketball player ever. This quote means more than just how to be successful in basketball; it means that making mistakes is part of the journey to a prosperous life, but not taking chances strays from the path to success. In today’s world, people have to be competitive to succeed in anything. The formula for both a â€Å"good† life and successful basketball career requires many similar thingsRead MoreReflection Essay902 Words   |  4 Pagesfiber of my mind and body are like a magnet captivated by the enlightening content embedded in the pages. It is a powerful feeling that piques my curiosity to its fullest. And it has continued to grow ever since I sat down on the first day of my AP Physics 1 class– September 2, 2015 – in room 3-202. I still vividly remember the inquisitive young boy I was in that class, each day always eager and excited to open the door and enter this sacred place that promoted intellectual freedom and truth: a rigorous

The Golden Compass Chapter Two Free Essays

string(65) " put the first slide into the frame and slid it behind the lens\." Chapter Two The Idea Of North â€Å"Master,† said Lord Asriel. â€Å"Yes, I’m back. Do bring in your guests; I’ve got something very interesting to show you. We will write a custom essay sample on The Golden Compass Chapter Two or any similar topic only for you Order Now † â€Å"Lord Asriel,† said the Master heavily, and came forward to shake his hand. From her hiding place Lyra watched the Master’s eyes, and indeed, they flicked toward the table for a second, where the Tokay had been. â€Å"Master,† said Lord Asriel. â€Å"I came too late to disturb your dinner, so I made myself at home in here. Hello, Sub-Rector. Glad to see you looking so well. Excuse my rough appearance; I’ve only just landed. Yes, Master, the Tokay’s gone. I think you’re standing in it. The Porter knocked it off the table, but it was my fault. Hello, Chaplain. I read your latest paper with great interest.† He moved away with the Chaplain, leaving Lyra with a clear view of the Master’s face. It was impassive, but the daemon on his shoulder was shuffling her feathers and moving restlessly from foot to foot. Lord Asriel was already dominating the room, and although he was careful to be courteous to the Master in the Master’s own territory, it was clear where the power lay. The Scholars greeted the visitor and moved into the room, some sitting around the table, some in the armchairs, and soon a buzz of conversation filled the air. Lyra could see that they were powerfully intrigued by the wooden case, the screen, and the lantern. She knew the Scholars well: the Librarian, the Sub-Rector, the Enquirer, and the rest; they were men who had been around her all her life, taught her, chastised her, consoled her, given her little presents, chased her away from the fruit trees in the garden; they were all she had for a family. They might even have felt like a family if she knew what a family was, though if she did, she’d have been more likely to feel that about the College servants. The Scholars had more important things to do than attend to the affections of a half-wild, half-civilized girl, left among them by chance. The Master lit the spirit lamp under the little silver chafing dish and heated some butter before cutting half a dozen poppy heads open and tossing them in. Poppy was always served after a feast: it clarified the mind and stimulated the tongue, and made for rich conversation. It was traditional for the Master to cook it himself. Under the sizzle of the frying butter and the hum of talk, Lyra shifted around to find a more comfortable position for herself. With enormous care she took one of the robes – a full-length fur – off its hanger and laid it on the floor of the wardrobe. â€Å"You should have used a scratchy old one,† whispered Pantalaimon. â€Å"If you get too comfortable, you’ll go to sleep.† â€Å"If I do, it’s your job to wake me up,† she replied. She sat and listened to the talk. Mighty dull talk it was, too; almost all of it politics, and London politics at that, nothing exciting about Tartars. The smells of frying poppy and smoke-leaf drifted pleasantly in through the wardrobe door, and more than once Lyra found herself nodding. But finally she heard someone rap on the table. The voices fell silent, and then the Master spoke. â€Å"Gentlemen,† he said. â€Å"I feel sure I speak for all of us when I bid Lord Asriel welcome. His visits are rare but always immensely valuable, and I understand he has something of particular interest to show us tonight. This is a time of high political tension, as we are all aware; Lord Asriel’s presence is required early tomorrow morning in White Hall, and a train is waiting with steam up ready to carry him to London as soon as we have finished our conversation here; so we must use our time wisely. When he has finished speaking to us, I imagine there will be some questions. Please keep them brief and to the point. Lord Asriel, would you like to begin?† â€Å"Thank you, Master,† said Lord Asriel. â€Å"To start with, I have a few slides to show you. Sub-Rector, you can see best from here, I think. Perhaps the Master would like to take the chair near the wardrobe?† Lyra marveled at her uncle’s skill. The old Sub-Rector was nearly blind, so it was courteous to make room for him nearer the screen, and his moving forward meant that the Master would be sitting next to the Librarian, only a matter of a yard or so from where Lyra was crouched in the wardrobe. As the Master settled in the armchair, Lyra heard him murmur: â€Å"The devil! He knew about the wine, I’m sure of it.† The Librarian murmured back, â€Å"He’s going to ask for funds. If he forces a vote – â€Å" â€Å"If he does that, we must just argue against, with all the eloquence we have.† The lantern began to hiss as Lord Asriel pumped it hard. Lyra moved slightly so that she could see the screen, where a brilliant white circle had begun to glow. Lord Asriel called, â€Å"Could someone turn the lamp down?† One of the Scholars got up to do that, and the room darkened. Lord Asriel began: â€Å"As some of you know, I set out for the North twelve months ago on a diplomatic mission to the King of Lapland. At least, that’s what I pretended to be doing. In fact, my real aim was to go further north still, right on to the ice, in fact, to try and discover what had happened to the Grumman expedition. One of Grumman’s last messages to the academy in Berlin spoke of a certain natural phenomenon only seen in the lands of the North. I was determined to investigate that as well as find out what I could about Grumman. But the first picture I’m going to show you isn’t directly about either of those things.† And he put the first slide into the frame and slid it behind the lens. You read "The Golden Compass Chapter Two" in category "Essay examples" A circular photogram in sharp black and white appeared on the screen. It had been taken at night under a full moon, and it showed a wooden hut in the middle distance, its walls dark against the snow that surrounded it and lay thickly on the roof. Beside the hut stood an array of philosophical instruments, which looked to Lyra’s eye like something from the Anbaric Park on the road to Yarnton: aerials, wires, porcelain insulators, all glittering in the moonlight and thickly covered in frost. A man in furs, his face hardly visible in the deep hood of his garment, stood in the foreground, with his hand raised as if in greeting. To one side of him stood a smaller figure. The moonlight bathed everything in the same pallid gleam. â€Å"That photogram was taken with a standard silver nitrate emulsion,† Lord Asriel said. â€Å"I’d like you to look at another one, taken from the same spot only a minute later, with a new specially prepared emulsion.† He lifted out the first slide and dropped another into the frame. This was much darker; it was as if the moonlight had been filtered out. The horizon was still visible, with the dark shape of the hut and its light snow-covered roof standing out, but the complexity of the instruments was hidden in darkness. But the man had altogether changed: he was bathed in light, and a fountain of glowing particles seemed to be streaming from his upraised hand. â€Å"That light,† said the Chaplain, â€Å"is it going up or coming down?† â€Å"It’s coming down,† said Lord Asriel, â€Å"but it isn’t light. It’s Dust.† Something in the way he said it made Lyra imagine dust with a capital letter, as if this wasn’t ordinary dust. The reaction of the Scholars confirmed her feeling, because Lord Asriel’s words caused a sudden collective silence, followed by gasps of incredulity. â€Å"But how – â€Å" â€Å"Surely – â€Å" â€Å"It can’t – â€Å" â€Å"Gentlemen!† came the voice of the Chaplain. â€Å"Let Lord Asriel explain.† â€Å"It’s Dust,† Lord Asriel repeated. â€Å"It registered as light on the plate because particles of Dust affect this emulsion as photons affect silver nitrate emulsion. It was partly to test it that my expedition went north in the first place. As you see, the figure of the man is perfectly visible. Now I’d like you to look at the shape to his left.† He indicated the blurred shape of the smaller figure. â€Å"I thought that was the man’s daemon,† said the Enquirer. â€Å"No. His daemon was at the time coiled around his neck in the form of a snake. That shape you can dimly see is a child.† â€Å"A severed child – ?† said someone, and the way he stopped showed that he knew this was something that shouldn’t have been voiced. There was an intense silence. Then Lord Asriel said calmly, â€Å"An entire child. Which, given the nature of Dust, is precisely the point, is it not?† No one spoke for several seconds. Then came the voice of the Chaplain. â€Å"Ah,† he said, like a thirsty man who, having just drunk deeply, puts down the glass to let out the breath he has held while drinking. â€Å"And the streams of Dust†¦Ã¢â‚¬  † – Come from the sky, and bathe him in what looks like light. You may examine this picture as closely as you wish: I’ll leave it behind when I go. I’m showing it to you now to demonstrate the effect of this new emulsion. Now I’d like to show you another picture.† He changed the slide. The next picture was also taken at night, but this time without moonlight. It showed a small group of tents in the foreground, dimly outlined against the low horizon, and beside them an untidy heap of wooden boxes and a sledge. But the main interest of the picture lay in the sky. Streams and veils of light hung like curtains, looped and festooned on invisible hooks hundreds of miles high or blowing out sideways in the stream of some unimaginable wind. â€Å"What is that?† said the voice of the Sub-Rector. â€Å"It’s a picture of the Aurora.† â€Å"It’s a very fine photogram,† said the Palmerian Professor. â€Å"One of the best I’ve seen.† â€Å"Forgive my ignorance,† said the shaky voice of the old Precentor, â€Å"but if I ever knew what the Aurora was, I have forgotten. Is it what they call the Northern Lights?† â€Å"Yes. It has many names. It’s composed of storms of charged particles and solar rays of intense and extraordinary strength – invisible in themselves, but causing this luminous radiation when they interact with the atmosphere. If there’d been time, I would have had this slide tinted to show you the colors; pale green and rose, for the most part, with a tinge of crimson along the lower edge of that curtain-like formation. This is taken with ordinary emulsion. Now I’d like you to look at a picture taken with the special emulsion.† He took out the slide. Lyra heard the Master say quietly, â€Å"If he forces a vote, we could try to invoke the residence clause. He hasn’t been resident in the College for thirty weeks out of the last fifty-two.† â€Å"He’s already got the Chaplain on his side†¦Ã¢â‚¬  the Librarian murmured in reply. Lord Asriel put a new slide in the lantern frame. It showed the same scene. As with the previous pair of pictures, many of the features visible by ordinary light were much dimmer in this one, and so were the curtains of radiance in the sky. But in the middle of the Aurora, high above the bleak landscape, Lyra could see something solid. She pressed her face to the crack to see more clearly, and she could see the Scholars near the screen leaning forward too. As she gazed, her wonder grew, because there in the sky was the unmistakable outline of a city: towers, domes, walls†¦Buildings and streets, suspended in the air! She nearly gasped with wonder. The Cassington Scholar said, â€Å"That looks like†¦a city.† â€Å"Exactly so,† said Lord Asriel. â€Å"A city in another world, no doubt?† said the Dean, with contempt in his voice. Lord Asriel ignored him. There was a stir of excitement among some of the Scholars, as if, having written treatises on the existence of the unicorn without ever having seen one, they’d been presented with a living example newly captured. â€Å"Is this the Barnard-Stokes business?† said the Palmerian Professor. â€Å"It is, isn’t it?† â€Å"That’s what I want to find out,† said Lord Asriel. He stood to one side of the illuminated screen. Lyra could see his dark eyes searching among the Scholars as they peered up at the slide of the Aurora, and the green glow of his daemon’s eyes beside him. All the venerable heads were craning forward, their spectacles glinting; only the Master and the Librarian leaned back in their chairs, with their heads close together. The Chaplain was saying, â€Å"You said you were searching for news of the Grumman expedition, Lord Asriel. Was Dr. Grumman investigating this phenomenon too?† â€Å"I believe he was, and I believe he had a good deal of information about it. But he won’t be able to tell us what it was, because he’s dead.† â€Å"No!† said the Chaplain. â€Å"I’m afraid so, and I have the proof here.† A ripple of excited apprehension ran round the Retiring Room as, under Lord Asriel’s direction, two or three of the younger Scholars carried the wooden box to the front of the room. Lord Asriel took out the last slide but left the lantern on, and in the dramatic glare of the circle of light he bent to lever open the box. Lyra heard the screech of nails coming out of damp wood. The Master stood up to look, blocking Lyra’s view. Her uncle spoke again: â€Å"If you remember, Grumman’s expedition vanished eighteen months ago. The German Academy sent him up there to go as far north as the magnetic pole and make various celestial observations. It was in the course of that journey that he observed the curious phenomenon we’ve already seen. Shortly after that, he vanished. It’s been assumed that he had an accident and that his body’s been lying in a crevasse all this time. In fact, there was no accident.† â€Å"What have you got there?† said the Dean. â€Å"Is that a vacuum container?† Lord Asriel didn’t answer at first. Lyra heard the snap of metal clips and a hiss as air rushed into a vessel, and then there was a silence. But the silence didn’t last long. After a moment or two Lyra heard a confused babble break out: cries of horror, loud protests, voices raised in anger and fear. â€Å"But what – â€Å" † – hardly human – â€Å" † – it’s been – â€Å" † – what’s happened to it?† The Master’s voice cut through them all. â€Å"Lord Asriel, what in God’s name have you got there?† â€Å"This is the head of Stanislaus Grumman,† said Lord Asriel’s voice. Over the jumble of voices Lyra heard someone stumble to the door and out, making incoherent sounds of distress. She wished she could see what they were seeing. Lord Asriel said, â€Å"I found his body preserved in the ice off Svalbard. The head was treated in this way by his killers. You’ll notice the characteristic scalping pattern. I think you might be familiar with it, Sub-Rector.† The old man’s voice was steady as he said, â€Å"I have seen the Tartars do this. It’s a technique you find among the aboriginals of Siberia and the Tungusk. From there, of course, it spread into the lands of the Skraelings, though I understand that it is now banned in New Denmark. May I examine it more closely, Lord Asriel?† After a short silence he spoke again. â€Å"My eyes are not very clear, and the ice is dirty, but it seems to me that there is a hole in the top of the skull. Am I right?† â€Å"You are.† â€Å"Trepanning?† â€Å"Exactly.† That caused a murmur of excitement. The Master moved out of the way and Lyra could see again. The old Sub-Rector, in the circle of light thrown by the lantern, was holding a heavy block of ice up close to his eyes, and Lyra could see the object inside it: a bloody lump barely recognizable as a human head. Pantalaimon fluttered around Lyra, his distress affecting her. â€Å"Hush,† she whispered. â€Å"Listen.† â€Å"Dr. Grumman was once a Scholar of this College,† said the Dean hotly. â€Å"To fall into the hands of the Tartars – † â€Å"But that far north?† â€Å"They must have penetrated further than anyone imagined!† â€Å"Did I hear you say you found it near Svalbard?† said the Dean. â€Å"That’s right.† â€Å"Are we to understand that the panserbj0rne had anything to do with this?† Lyra didn’t recognize that word, but clearly the Scholars did. â€Å"Impossible,† said the Cassington Scholar firmly. â€Å"They’d never behave in that manner.† â€Å"Then you don’t know lofur Raknison,† said the Palmerian Professor, who had made several expeditions himself to the arctic regions. â€Å"It wouldn’t surprise me at all to learn that he had taken to scalping people in the Tartar fashion.† Lyra looked again at her uncle, who was watching the Scholars with a glitter of sardonic amusement, and saying nothing. â€Å"Who is lofur Raknison?† said someone. â€Å"The king of Svalbard,† said the Palmerian Professor. â€Å"Yes, that’s right, one of the panserb)0me. He’s a usurper, of sorts; tricked his way onto the throne, or so I understand; but a powerful figure, by no means a fool, in spite of his ludicrous affectations – having a palace built of imported marble – setting up what he calls a university – â€Å" â€Å"For whom? For the bears?† said someone else, and every-one laughed. But the Palmerian Professor went on: â€Å"For all that, I tell you that lofur Raknison would be capable of doing this to Grumman. At the same time, he could be flattered into behaving quite differently, if the need arose.† â€Å"And you know how, do you, Trelawney?† said the Dean sneeringly. â€Å"Indeed I do. Do you know what he wants above all else? Even more than an honorary degree? He wants a daemon! Find a way to give him a daemon, and he’d do anything for you.† The Scholars laughed heartily. Lyra was following this with puzzlement; what the Palmerian Professor said made no sense at all. Besides, she was impatient to hear more about scalping and the Northern Lights and that mysterious Dust. But she was disappointed, for Lord Asriel had finished showing his relics and pictures, and the talk soon turned into a College wrangle about whether or not they should give him some money to fit out another expedition. Back and forth the arguments ranged, and Lyra felt her eyes closing. Soon she was fast asleep, with Pantalaimon curled around her neck in his favorite sleeping form as an ermine. She woke up with a start when someone shook her shoulder. â€Å"Quiet,† said her uncle. The wardrobe door was open, and he was crouched there against the light. â€Å"They’ve all gone, but there are still some servants around. Go to your bedroom now, and take care that you say nothing about this.† â€Å"Did they vote to give you the money?† she said sleepily. â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"What’s Dust?† she said, struggling to stand up after having been cramped for so long. â€Å"Nothing to do with you.† â€Å"It is to do with me,† she said. â€Å"If you wanted me to be a spy in the wardrobe, you ought to tell me what I’m spying about. Can I see the man’s head?† Pantalaimon’s white ermine fur bristled: she felt it tickling her neck. Lord Asriel laughed shortly. â€Å"Don’t be disgusting,† he said, and began to pack his slides and specimen box. â€Å"Did you watch the Master?† â€Å"Yes, and he looked for the wine before he did anything else.† â€Å"Good. But I’ve scotched him for now. Do as you’re told and go to bed.† â€Å"But where are you going?† â€Å"Back to the North. I’m leaving in ten minutes.† â€Å"Can I come?† He stopped what he was doing, and looked at her as if for the first time. His daemon turned her great tawny leopard eyes on her too, and under the concentrated gaze of both of them, Lyra blushed. But she gazed back fiercely. â€Å"Your place is here,† said her uncle finally. â€Å"But why? Why is my place here? Why can’t I come to the North with you? I want to see the Northern Lights and bears and icebergs and everything. I want to know about Dust. And that city in the air. Is it another world?† â€Å"You’re not coming, child. Put it out of your head; the times are too dangerous. Do as you’re told and go to bed, and if you’re a good girl, I’ll bring you back a walrus tusk with some Eskimo carving on it. Don’t argue anymore or I shall be angry.† And his daemon growled with a deep savage rumble that made Lyra suddenly aware of what it would be like to have teeth meeting in her throat. She compressed her lips and frowned hard at her uncle. He was pumping the air from the vacuum flask, and took no notice; it was as if he’d already forgotten her. Without a word, but with lips tight and eyes narrowed, the girl and her daemon left and went to bed. The Master and the Librarian were old friends and allies, and it was their habit, after a difficult episode, to take a glass of brantwijn and console each other. So after they’d seen Lord Asriel away, they strolled to the Master’s lodging and settled in his study with the curtains drawn and the fire refreshed, their daemons in their familiar places on knee or shoulder, and prepared to think through what had just happened. â€Å"Do you really believe he knew about the wine?† said the Librarian. â€Å"Of course he did. I have no idea how, but he knew, and he spilled the decanter himself. Of course he did.† â€Å"Forgive me, Master, but I can’t help being relieved. I was never happy about the idea of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Of poisoning him?† â€Å"Yes. Of murder.† â€Å"Hardly anyone would be happy at that idea, Charles. The question was whether doing that would be worse than the consequences of not doing it. Well, some providence has intervened, and it hasn’t happened. I’m only sorry I burdened you with the knowledge of it.† â€Å"No, no,† protested the Librarian. â€Å"But I wish you had told me more. The Master was silent for a while before saying, â€Å"Yes, perhaps I should have done. The alethiometer warns of appalling consequences if Lord Asriel pursues this research. Apart from anything else, the child will be drawn in, and I want to keep her safe as long as possible.† â€Å"Is Lord Asriel’s business anything to do with this new initiative of the Consistorial Court of Discipline? The what-do-they-call-it: the Oblation Board?† â€Å"Lord Asriel – no, no. Quite the reverse. The Oblation Board isn’t entirely answerable to the Consistorial Court, either. It’s a semiprivate initiative; it’s being run by someone who has no love of Lord Asriel. Between them both, Charles, I tremble.† The Librarian was silent in his turn. Ever since Pope John Calvin had moved the seat of the Papacy to Geneva and set up the Consistorial Court of Discipline, the Church’s power over every aspect of life had been absolute. The Papacy itself had been abolished after Calvin’s death, and a tangle of courts, colleges, and councils, collectively known as the Magisterium, had grown up in its place. These agencies were not always united; sometimes a bitter rivalry grew up between them. For a large part of the previous century, the most powerful had been the College of Bishops, but in recent years the Consistorial Court of Discipline had taken its place as the most active and the most feared of all the Church’s bodies. But it was always possible for independent agencies to grow up under the protection of another part of the Magisterium, and the Oblation Board, which the Librarian had referred to, was one of these. The Librarian didn’t know much about it, but he disliked and feared what he’d heard, and he completely understood the Master’s anxiety. â€Å"The Palmerian Professor mentioned a name,† he said after a minute or so. â€Å"Barnard-Stokes? What is the Barnard-Stokes business?† â€Å"Ah, it’s not our field, Charles. As I understand it, the Holy Church teaches that there are two worlds: the world of everything we can see and hear and touch, and another world, the spiritual world of heaven and hell. Barnard and Stokes were two – how shall I put it – renegade theologians who postulated the existence of numerous other worlds like this one, neither heaven nor hell, but material and sinful. They are there, close by, but invisible and unreachable. The Holy Church naturally disapproved of this abominable heresy, and Barnard and Stokes were silenced. â€Å"But unfortunately for the Magisterium there seem to be sound mathematical arguments for this other-world theory. I have never followed them myself, but the Cassington Scholar tells me that they are sound.† â€Å"And now Lord Asriel has taken a picture of one of these other worlds,† the Librarian said. â€Å"And we have funded him to go and look for it. I see.† â€Å"Quite. It’ll seem to the Oblation Board, and to its powerful protectors, that Jordan College is a hotbed of support for heresy. And between the Consistorial Court and the Oblation Board, Charles, I have to keep a balance; and meanwhile the child is growing. They won’t have forgotten her. Sooner or later she would have become involved, but she’ll be drawn in now whether I want to protect her or not.† â€Å"But how do you know that, for God’s sake? The alethiometer again?† â€Å"Yes. Lyra has a part to play in all this, and a major one. The irony is that she must do it all without realizing what she’s doing. She can be helped, though, and if my plan with the Tokay had succeeded, she would have been safe for a little longer. I would have liked to spare her a journey to the North. I wish above all things that I were able to explain it to her†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"She wouldn’t listen,† the Librarian said. â€Å"I know her ways only too well. Try to tell her anything serious and she’ll half-listen for five minutes and then start fidgeting. Quiz her about it next time and she’ll have completely forgotten.† â€Å"If I talked to her about Dust? You don’t think she’d listen to that?† The Librarian made a noise to indicate how unlikely he thought that was. â€Å"Why on earth should she?† he said. â€Å"Why should a distant theological riddle interest a healthy, thoughtless child?† â€Å"Because of what she must experience. Part of that includes a great betrayal†¦.† â€Å"Who’s going to betray her?† â€Å"No, no, that’s the saddest thing: she will be the betrayer, and the experience will be terrible. She mustn’t know that, of course, but there’s no reason for her not to know about the problem of Dust. And you might be wrong, Charles; she might well take an interest in it, if it were explained in a simple way. And it might help her later on. It would certainly help me to be less anxious about her.† â€Å"That’s the duty of the old,† said the Librarian, â€Å"to be anxious on behalf of the young. And the duty of the young is to scorn the anxiety of the old.† They sat for a while longer, and then parted, for it was late, and they were old and anxious. How to cite The Golden Compass Chapter Two, Essay examples

Love In The Canterbury Tales Essay Research free essay sample

Love In The Canterbury Tales Essay, Research Paper Henry Louis Mencken stated, # 8220 ; Love: The psychotic belief that one adult female differs from another. # 8221 ; This motto rings true for the travelers that Geoffrey Chaucer accompanied on the pilgrims journey in The Canterbury Tales. Each of the writer # 8217 ; s characters fit in their ain original, each with their ain narrative. As the narratives are told one by one, the pilgrims # 8217 ; sentiments and feelings are exposed for the host and the reader to measure. This reveals of import traits, including how the train perceives love. These features are most vivid in footings of the gallant Knight, the petroleum Miller, and the independent Wife of Bath. The Knight is chosen as the first pilgrim to state his narrative and take the host # 8217 ; s contest into action. # 8220 ; He was prudent, he bore himself every bit meekly as a maiden, # 8221 ; displays the Knight # 8217 ; s reluctance to show emotion and merely to make every bit much a necessary ( # 8221 ; The General Prologue # 8221 ; , ll. We will write a custom essay sample on Love In The Canterbury Tales Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 68-69 ) . As a # 8220 ; true, perfect, soft knight, # 8221 ; he is brought up by the codification of award ( # 8221 ; The General Prologue # 8221 ; , ll. 72 ) . The Knight # 8217 ; s narrative is filled with a sense of heroism, courage, and pride. The narrative analogues mythology, covering with facets of the perfect image of a adult female, Emily. The maiden is represented as a goddess, and as the Platonic thought of love. The Knight # 8217 ; s view on love is really Christian # 8211 ; influenced by his spiritual campaigns really pure, and simplistic. # 8220 ; A babbler and a Teller of tavern narratives, # 8221 ; the Miller bellows his # 8220 ; definition # 8221 ; of love through his fabliau and interaction with other travelers ( # 8221 ; The General Prologue # 8221 ; , ll. 562 ) . Pictured like the Satan, the Miller entices followings through enticement of wickedness and his bagpipes. The love of the Miller is animal and animalistic, seen through his description of his beast-like ego and the coltish mode of Alison. It is more physical that anything else, since shame is of no conce radon. Ethical motives are loose everyplace refering the churlish Miller, and his whole narrative is a tremendous travesty. The Wife of Bath # 8217 ; s position of love comes into struggle with the opposite sex, and besides most stereotypes. As a complex adult female, her narrative entails ribaldry, confession, and discourse. The largest aspect of the Wife # 8217 ; s character includes her desire of control. The Wife of Bath has an assumed authorization, coming foremost whether covering with her five hubbies or offerings at church. The Wife parallels the old adult female who finally additions control over the knight in her narrative. Yet she shows exposure when being struck down by her 4th hubby. The vermilion hosiery, # 8220 ; her ample hips, # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; gap-toothed smiling # 8221 ; are symbols of her ill-famed repute ( # 8221 ; The General Prologue # 8221 ; , ll. 458, 470, 474 ) . But the Wife of Bath # 8217 ; s ignorance contradicts her experience. # 8220 ; One may advocate a adult female to be a virgin, but reding is non a commandment, # 8221 ; shows the misunderstandings and faulty logical thinking of Biblical Bible that makes the Wife # 8217 ; s points of positions invalid ( # 8221 ; The Wife of Bath # 8221 ; , ll. 66-67 ) . As is the Wife # 8217 ; s personality puzzling, so is her doctrine on love. She is goaded my her emotions and the satisfaction that she gets. She takes her free will to the bounds as power for her personal addition. Through every pilgrims # 8217 ; personal narrative, love and the relationship between adult male and adult female is depicted in their ain visible radiation. In the Knight # 8217 ; s eyes, his courtly love shows the trophy as the godly Emily. The Miller # 8217 ; s coarseness and foulness leads to his positions of criminal conversation and lecherousness as love. For the Wife of Bath, her hungriness for life leads to love discerned as being in charge of passion. As for Mr. Mencken, the Knight, the Miller, and the Wife of Bath should do him really proud, since all of the pilgrims # 8217 ; narratives are set into struggle by their theoretical account of a adult female and their classified love for that adult female.

The eNotes Blog How College Is Like That Juicy Hamburger You Just Dont Want toEnd

How College Is Like That Juicy Hamburger You Just Dont Want toEnd Just come with us on this one intern offers more advice on how to savor college and prep for the real world, which in foodie-terms can only be likened to that salad bar at the Souplantationa bottomless pit of just meh. So, now that weve livened your spirits Picture this. You’re at a restaurant, and it’s around 3 or 4 o’clock. You woke up late and didn’t have time to grab any breakfast, and you had class for a couple straight hours without a break. Essentially, you’ve gone all day without a single bite of food, and MAN you’re hungry. So hungry, in fact, that the moment the waiter brings you whatever it is you’ve ordered (probably something with french fries), you praise him for his good deed, nearly yank it from his hands, and devour the entire meal before you even realize it’s happening. The next time you look at your plate, you realize it’s just you and a couple crumbs left. You aren’t even sure what you just ate. Now, I didn’t just use this example because this is my life on a near regular basis†¦ I used it because it’s really applicable! Watch me go, I promise, this is totally going to resonate. That hamburger and french fries you just savagely took down in 2 minutes flat- that’s college (Oh my GOODNESS, what is that you say?). Chances are, you (you near graduate, you) feel like college â€Å"whoosh†ed past you in 2 minutes flat, or something close to that. You’re looking back at all those fragments of memories and experiences, and probably freaking out a little bit. Okay, maybe a lot-a-bit. I know I’ve spent the past couple nights rehearsing lines like these: â€Å"where’d all the time go?† and â€Å"I can’t believe it† and maybe some â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (that’s just some silent wall-staring). Fret no more, fellow sorry souls. We’re all in this together. We’re going to make it through. We’re going to savor all the best things about college while we still can. For those of you who aren’t as close to the end of the plank as us, pay heed to this list of top 10 things that are awesome about college (and maybe try to chew a little slower). When someone asks you what you’re doing with your life, you are allowed to answer â€Å"I’m a student,† and just like that, the â€Å"I now have to tell a stranger I have no idea what I’m doing with my life and I’m unemployed† conversational crisis is averted. Seriously, just like that. Enjoy this. Even if you have to awkwardly linger around people until they ask you that question, just do it. You essentially live in a weird village full of likeminded, crazy 18-22 year olds, and you’re friends with a ton of them- this is something that could only be crafted by a spirit above. Seriously†¦you live surrounded by your friends. Surrounded. This will likely never happen again in your life. Ever. Go hang out with your neighbors (and by neighbors I mean those that live: next door, across the street, down the street, and anywhere from 1-10 blocks away from you). This weird village you live in has its own set of moral codes and ethics. Close to 50% of the things you do in the little microcosm of a world that is your college town will never be accepted outside of that bubble. Revel in it. On the same vein, once you graduate, you will no longer be able to recount events of the past night or week and shrug it off with a smirk and the words, â€Å"college, man.† Self explanatory. The opportunities your university provides for you are endless. Clubs, events, speakers, concerts, special lectures, counselors, employment- the list goes on and on. You should participate as much as you can and take advantage of it all. Don’t be lazy, you’ll miss out on a lot of experiences you won’t be able to get anywhere else. You can cook like you’re a survivor on the series Lost, and no one will judge you. Pre-packaged foods, a microwave†¦who needs a stove or forks or knives? I mean, even if you wanted to have a dinner party, Trader Joes has some frozen meals that serve at least four people. You’re all set! Once you leave college, people actually may start expecting you to use fresh ingredients and things like spices (not the kind that comes inside your top ramen package- mmm, MSG). Eat as many microwavable chicken nuggets and taquitos as you can, while you still can. You get to learn the things you want to learn about. I know everyone complains about school because of all the work and studying and blah, blah, blah. But we all know, deep down, we like it at least a little bit. The fact that we get to fill our brains with new information on a daily basis, and that that information may lead us in one direction or other, building our interests and leading us to new ones†¦that’s just awesome. You know it, I know it. We just don’t like to really admit it all the time. College students are stubborn. You can wear sweatpants whenever you want because your day job isn’t really a job at all. Your job is to sit in a lecture and try to stay awake while learning things. Nowhere in that description are the words â€Å"business casual.† Pajamas are only pajamas if you’re in bed and sleeping- otherwise, they’re just clothes. Think about that. You’re allowed to dabble in things without being talked about as if you’re a lost soul searching for your way. Hey, it’s college. You’re encouraged to try new things, regardless of what they are. Literally, you can do anything and people (essentially by law) have to just nod and say, â€Å"that’s what college is for,† and they’re right. So explore, a lot, and do the weirdest things you can possibly think of because you never know what’ll stick. Soon it’ll be too late and your dreams of being a figure skater will be looked at a little more critically (Not that that should hinder you. You should always chase your dreams, even if people laugh at you, or think you’re nuts. I’m just saying, take advantage of the head start college is intended to give you). You are told, around three times a year, that you must stop doing schoolwork and instead, â€Å"relax.† Winter break, spring break, and summer vacation are some of the best inventions that have ever been created in the history of the world. Fire, the wheel- they pale in comparison. It’s mandated, enforced relaxation. This will most likely never be permitted at any other time in your life. Phew. Good luck. If all else fails, listen to some ‘90s music. Or to Hall and Oates (specifically, â€Å"You Make My Dreams†). You will feel like a kid at Disneyland who’s eating a churro (and we all know that’s the best feeling in the world).

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan Over the centuries, various would-be conquerors have thrown their armies against the sere mountains and valleys of Afghanistan. In just the past two centuries, great powers have invaded Afghanistan at least four times. It has not turned out well for the invaders. As former US National Security Adviser Zbigniew Brzezinski put it, They (the Afghanis) have a curious complex: they dont like foreigners with guns in their country. In 1979, the Soviet Union decided to try its luck in Afghanistan, long a target of Russian foreign policy. Many historians believe that in the end, the Soviet War in Afghanistan was key in destroying one of the Cold War worlds two superpowers. Background to the Invasion On April 27, 1978, Soviet-advised members of the Afghan Army overthrew and executed President Mohammed Daoud Khan. Daoud was a leftist progressive, but not a communist, and he resisted Soviet attempts to direct his foreign policy as interference in Afghanistans affairs. Daoud moved Afghanistan toward the non-allied bloc, which included India, Egypt, and Yugoslavia. Although the Soviets did not order his ouster, they quickly recognized the new communist Peoples Democratic Party government that formed on April 28, 1978. Nur Muhammad Taraki became Chairman of the newly-formed Afghan Revolutionary Council. However, infighting with other communist factions and cycles of purging plagued Tarakis government from the start. In addition, the new communist regime targeted Islamic mullahs and wealthy landowners in the Afghan countryside, alienating all of the traditional local leaders. Soon, anti-government insurgencies broke out across northern and eastern Afghanistan, aided by Pashtun guerrillas from Pakistan. Over the course of 1979, the Soviets watched carefully as their client government in Kabul lost control of more and more of Afghanistan. In March, the Afghan Army battalion in Herat defected to the insurgents, and killed 20 Soviet advisers in the city; there would be four more major military uprisings against the government by the end of the year. By August, the government in Kabul had lost control of 75% of Afghanistan - it held the large cities, more or less, but the insurgents controlled the countryside. Leonid Brezhnev and the Soviet government wanted to protect their puppet in Kabul but hesitated (reasonably enough) to commit ground troops to the deteriorating situation in Afghanistan. The Soviets were concerned about the Islamist insurgents taking power since many of the USSRs Muslim Central Asian republics bordered on Afghanistan. In addition, the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran seemed to shift the balance of power in the region toward Muslim theocracy. As the Afghan governments situation deteriorated, the Soviets sent in military aid - tanks, artillery, small arms, fighter jets, and helicopter gunships - as well as ever-greater numbers of military and civilian advisers. By June of 1979, there were approximately 2,500 Soviet military advisers and 2,000 civilians in Afghanistan, and some of the military advisers actively drove tanks and flew helicopters in raids on the insurgents. Moscow Secretly Sent in Units of the Spetznaz or Special Forces On September 14, 1979, Chairman Taraki invited his chief rival in the Peoples Democratic Party, Minister of National Defense Hafizullah Amin, to a meeting at the presidential palace. It was supposed to be an ambush on Amin, orchestrated by Tarakis Soviet advisers, but the chief of palace guards tipped off Amin as he arrived, so the Defense Minister escaped. Amin returned later that day with an Army contingent and placed Taraki under house arrest, to the dismay of the Soviet leadership. Taraki died within a month, smothered with a pillow on Amins orders. Another major military uprising in October convinced the Soviet leaders that Afghanistan had spun out of their control, politically and militarily. Motorized and airborne infantry divisions numbering 30,000 troops began preparing to deploy from the neighboring Turkestan Military District (now in Turkmenistan) and the Fergana Military District (now in Uzbekistan). Between December 24 and 26, 1979, American observers noted that the Soviets were running hundreds of airlift flights into Kabul, but they were unsure whether it was a major invasion or simply supplies intended to help prop up the tottering Amin regime. Amin was, after all, a member of Afghanistans communist party. All doubt vanished over the next two days, however. On December 27, Soviet Spetznaz troops attacked Amins home and killed him, installing Babrak Kamal as the new puppet-leader of Afghanistan. The following day, the Soviet motorized divisions from Turkestan and the Fergana Valley rolled into Afghanistan, launching the invasion. Early Months of the Soviet Invasion The Islamic insurgents of Afghanistan, called the mujahideen, declared a jihad against the Soviet invaders. Although the Soviets had vastly superior weaponry, the mujahideen knew the rough terrain and were fighting for their homes and their faith. By February of 1980, the Soviets had control of all of the major cities in Afghanistan and were successful in quashing Afghan Army revolts when army units marched out information to fight the Soviet troops. However, mujahideen guerrillas held 80% of the country. Try and Try Again - Soviet Efforts to 1985 In the first five years, the Soviets held the strategic route between Kabul and Termez and patrolled the border with Iran, to prevent Iranian aid from reaching the mujahideen. Mountainous regions of Afghanistan such as Hazarajat and Nuristan, however, were completely free of Soviet influence. The mujahideen also held Herat and Kandahar much of the time. The Soviet Army launched a total of nine offensives against one key, guerrilla-held pass called the Panjshir Valley in the first five years of the war alone. Despite the heavy use of tanks, bombers, and helicopter gunships, they were unable to take the Valley. The mujahideens amazing success in the face of one of the worlds two superpowers attracted support from a number of outside powers seeking either to support Islam or weaken the USSR: Pakistan, the Peoples Republic of China, the United States, the United Kingdom, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Iran. Withdrawal From the Quagmire - 1985 to 1989 As the war in Afghanistan dragged on, the Soviets faced a harsh reality. Afghan Army desertions were epidemic, so the Soviets had to do much of the fighting. Many Soviet recruits were Central Asians, some from the same Tajik and Uzbek ethnic groups as many of the mujihadeen, so they often refused to carry out attacks ordered by their Russian commanders. Despite official press censorship, people in the Soviet Union began to hear that the war was not going well and to notice a large number of funerals for Soviet soldiers. Before the end, some media outlets even dared to publish commentary on the Soviets Vietnam War, pushing the boundaries of Mikhail Gorbachevs policy of glasnost or openness. Conditions were terrible for many ordinary Afghans, but they held out against the invaders. By 1989, the mujahideen had organized some 4,000 strike bases across the country, each manned by at least 300 guerrillas. One famous mujahideen commander in the Panjshir Valley, Ahmad Shah Massoud, commanded 10,000 well-trained troops. By 1985, Moscow was actively seeking an exit strategy. They sought to intensify recruitment and training for the Afghan armed forces, in order to transition responsibility to local troops. The ineffectual president, Babrak Karmal, lost Soviet support, and in November of 1986, a new president named Mohammad Najibullah was elected. He proved less than popular with the Afghan people, however, in part because he was the former chief of the widely-feared secret police, the KHAD. From May 15 to August 16, 1988, the Soviets completed phase one of their withdrawal. The retreat was generally peaceful since the Soviets first negotiated cease-fires with mujahideen commanders along the withdrawal routes. Remaining Soviet troops withdrew between November 15, 1988, and February 15, 1989. A total of just over 600,000 Soviets served in the Afghan War, and about 14,500 were killed. Another 54,000 were wounded, and an astonishing 416,000 became ill with typhoid fever, hepatitis, and other serious diseases. An estimated 850,000 to 1.5 million Afghan civilians died in the war, and five to ten million fled the country as refugees. This represented as much as one-third of the countrys 1978 population, severely straining Pakistan and other neighboring countries. 25,000 Afghans died from landmines alone during the war, and millions of mines remained behind after the Soviets withdrew. The Aftermath of the Soviet War in Afghanistan Chaos and civil war ensued when the Soviets left Afghanistan, as rival mujahideen commanders fought to enlarge their spheres of influence. Some mujahideen troops behaved so badly, robbing, raping, and murdering civilians at will, that a group of Pakistani-educated religious students banded together to fight against them in the name of Islam. This new faction called itself the Taliban, meaning the Students. For the Soviets, the repercussions were equally dire. Over the previous decades, the Red Army had always been able to quash any nation or ethnic group that rose in opposition - the Hungarians, the Kazakhs, the Czechs - but now they had lost to the Afghans. Minority peoples in the Baltic and Central Asian republics, in particular, took heart; indeed, the Lithuanian democracy movement openly declared independence from the Soviet Union in March of 1989, less than a month after the withdrawal from Afghanistan finished. Anti-Soviet demonstrations spread to Latvia, Georgia, Estonia, and other republics. The long and costly war left the Soviet economy in shambles. It also fueled the rise of a free press and open dissent among not only ethnic minorities but also from Russians who had lost loved ones in the fighting. Although it was not the only factor, certainly the Soviet War in Afghanistan helped to hasten the end of one of the two superpowers. Just over two and a half years after the withdrawal, on December 26, 1991, the Soviet Union was formally dissolved. Sources MacEachin, Douglas. Predicting the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan: The Intelligence Communitys Record, CIA Center for the Study of Intelligence, Apr. 15, 2007. Prados, John, ed. Volume II: Afghanistan: Lessons from the Last War. Analysis of the Soviet War in Afghanistan, Declassified, The National Security Archive, Oct. 9, 2001. Reuveny, Rafael, and Aseem Prakash. The Afghanistan War and the Breakdown of the Soviet Union, Review of International Studies, (1999), 25, 693-708.

Formalist and Expressionist Concepts of Art Essay

Formalist and Expressionist Concepts of Art - Essay Example Clive Bell argues this point by stating that â€Å"to appreciate a work of art we need bring with us nothing from life, no knowledge of its ideas and affairs, no familiarity with its emotions† (cited in Warburton 10) This contention accurately depicts the â€Å"art for art’s sake† attitude taken by many artists and art critics subscribing to more formalist frameworks, which eschew the importance of representation and context in art production and art appreciation but judge the value of an art on its coherence, composition, and masterful use of forms.  The influence of formalism on artists and their work is particularly evident in the paintings of the old masters. Caravaggio’s fourteenth-century masterpiece â€Å"Bacchus,† for instance, which shows the ancient diety as a drunken young man in a reclining pose, is interesting in the formalist sense not because of the artists’ impressive ability for representation but for the manner by which th e painting itself draws attention to the contours and shapes of the human body, as well as the contribution of the colors used by Caravaggio to lend warmth, depth, and meaning to his work. In the painting, Caravaggio uses the traditional techniques of portraiture to present to present a well-composed, balanced picture of Bacchus trying to cover his naked torso with drapery while offering a goblet of wine either to the painter or to the painting’s viewers. This is achieved through the use of a color pallete dominated by muted red and green hues that direct the viewer’s attention to Bacchus’ face .... The influence of formalism on artists and their work is particularly evident in the paintings of the old masters. Caravaggio's fourteenth-century masterpiece "Bacchus," for instance, which shows the ancient diety as a drunken young man in a reclining pose, is interesting in the formalist sense not because of the artists' impressive ability for representation but for the manner by which the painting itself draws attention to the contours and shapes of the human body, as well as the contribution of the colors used by Caravaggio to lend warmth, depth, and meaning to his work. In the painting, Caravaggio uses the traditional techniques of portraiture to present to present a well-composed, balanced picture of Bacchus trying to cover his naked torso with drapery while offering a goblet of wine either to the painter or to the painting's viewers. This is achieved through the use of a color pallete dominated by muted red and green hues that direct the viewer's attention to Bacchus' face and t hen leads it to the hand offering the goblet. Likewise, Caravaggio uses mostly rounded shapes and contours that heighten the sense of organic, flowing quality of Bacchus' body, the wine, and the drapery. Caravaggio also creates depth by utilizing color techniques to create a sense of space within the painting using contrasts between light and dark colors. It is through the use of these elements that Caravaggio's picture of Bacchus becomes a thing of value in the formalist sense, since it is through the interaction between the forms in the painting that the artists' rendering of the deity evokes aesthetic feelings in the viewer. On the other

Recession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Recession - Essay Example The beginning and impacts of the 2008 recession in individual countries today remains a constant reminder of the policies and measures the governments and financial analysts in the financial institutions ought to address as priorities. Most economists and analysts tend to emphasis on the start and spread of the recession in 2008. While its spread is quite clear in the western countries during and after 2008, there is no doubt it began in the United States towards the end of 2007. The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) recognizes the global recession to have started in December 2007 in the US economy, when it was identified with the sliding of the labour market especially in the last quarter of the year (Borbely, 2009). However, it was only a hit for the national economy of the US until it spread to other linked economies in 2008. The cause of the recession is linked to the economic cyclic performance of the housing market in USA, which later affected the economic performances of other industries. The United Stated had been experiencing a steady economic growth, with a healthy labour market and a rapid growth in the housing market after 2001. In the housing sector, home prices increased and more construction took place, contributing to increased employment, mortgage financing and growth in real estates and generated a positive wealth effect that triggered higher spending vital for the overall economic growth (Goodman and Mance, 2011). All the housing price inflations in the USA tended to follow a particular pattern after WWWII. The 2001-2006 case was no exception, as it was a period marked with loose monetary policy. Two years prior to the 2007 recession, the US economy experienced expansion in credit and money supply. This fuelled excessive borrowing at low interest rates to finance housing purchases; this in turn increased aggregate demand for household products and other consumption (stlouisfed.org, 2010).

Globalization and Income Inequality in Latin America

Globalization and Income Inequality in Latin America Ivan Mendoza Globalization and Income Inequality in Latin America and The Caribbean Introduction Over the past two decades, â€Å"developing countries have gradually committed themselves to more engagement with the global economy by following the path of trade liberalization and openness toward international markets† (J.D.K. Chap. 10 p.416). As a result, â€Å"many developing countries have experienced increases in within- country income inequality. The growing income inequality has coincided with the period of increasing exposure of countries to globalization through an increased of trade flows and investment across international borders. These development have sparked a large debate in the academic and policy circles about the effects of globalization on income inequality within- countries† (J.D.K. Chap. 10 p.564). This paper will discuss whether globalization has contributed to within- country income inequality by focusing on one aspect of globalization, mainly the countries’ trade flows, specifically exports. Test- Hypothesis Considering that â€Å"the interest of developing countries might be more in line with those of the developed/ advanced countries, reflects the integration of emerging and developing countries to the global economy through a rapid pace of trade globalization to create opportunities that will create speed economic growth and development. This wave of trade liberalization has had a great impact on the income inequality within developing countries. Therefore, I argue that globalization should lead to an increase of the income inequality within emerging and developing countries, in other words, an increase in total trade (exports) is highly related to the increase of the income inequality within a developing country. Method and Data Collection In order to test the hypothesis that an increase in exports is highly related to the increase of the income inequality of developing countries, I will examine the economic growth and trade of emerging and developing countries, with emphasis on the region of Latin America and the Caribbean. Some of the countries in the region have experienced rapid economic growth and development, but â€Å"in the last years this growth has slowdown† (WEO p. 56), so examining their growth is a good way to study the effects of globalization and the within-country income inequality. Also, we might find other aspects of globalization that are associated with income inequality. In order to test the hypothesis, I collected data to show the economic performance of 32 developing countries in the Latin America and the Caribbean region covering the period of 1996-2013. This data has been collected from reliable sources such as World Economic Outlook (October 2014) released by the International Monetary Funds (IMF) and the World Development Indicators (WDI) report from World Bank (WB). This data contains the dependent variables and the expansionary variable along with other supplemental data. Moreover, to accomplish the objective of this paper; providing some evidences on the effects of globalization on income inequality within developing countries I will be using the following data table: (i) the Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) table, which shows the annual percentage economic performance for the selected developing countries, (ii) the Trade table, which shows the sum of exports and imports percentage in terms of GDP percentage, this reflects the integration of the countries in the global economy. (iii) the Exports of good and services table, since exports is a component of trade and GDP, it shows the effects of trade on GDP because if exports is positive, then GDP increases, (iv) Gini Index, which is the standard measure for income inequality. Relationship between the variables Considering the effects of globalization on the income inequality within a country, we have trade as the variable for globalization and â€Å"the amount of income inequality within a country is generally measured by using the Gini Index. The Gini Index ranges from 0 to 100, where a value of 0 indicates that everyone has the same income (that is, perfect inequality) and a value of 100 indicates that all the income is earned by one individual (that is, maximum inequality)† (p. 564). However, since most of these countries economy depends on trade, as we can see on the Trade (% GDP) table (high percentage means they import more than what they export/produce) to simplify the relationship between globalization and income inequality, I will using the Export of goods and services, which is one of the components of trade. So, using the data of Exports (% GDP) as the expansionary variable and Gini index as the dependent, we can see for the selected countries that have experience decreas e in Exports shares, can be associated with a decrease of income inequality. For example, in countries such as Colombia, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Paraguay and Peru after 2006 their exports have gone through a period of highs and lows along the same range and inequality has moved accordinly to the change in exports, but most of the time its been going down. Although inequality has gone in most of the selected countries, in cases such as Costa Rica and Panama, theres been period where Exports goes increase and the Gini index still goes down. This shows that the impact of Exports (trade) on income inequality is not significant as expected and that there might be other components of globalization affecting income inequality. Conclusion In conclusion, the evidences show that there is positive relationship between trade liberalization and the income distribution within developing countries in the Latin America and the Caribbean; As Exports (trade) increases/ decreases the level of income inequality, according to the Gini Index, increases/ decreases. However, we found that there is not a significant change on income inequality when Exports changes. Discussion Moreover, this finding provides an exploratory support to other hypotheses that other components of globalization might have a greater impact on within- country income inequality. â€Å"Other factors that drive income inequality are the importance of technology in virtually all sectors of the global economy, and the advances in information and communication technology (ICT) that helped make globalization possible.† (J.D.K. Chap. 14 p. 564). Source: World Economic Outlook (IFM p.189) https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/02/pdf/text.pdf Trade (% of GDP) Country Average20062007200820092010201120122013 (1996- 2005) Antigua and Barbuda37.6 119.7117.4116.3 105.1106.0104.897.8 Argentina 25.2 36.2 36.2 36.7 30.6 32.5 33.9 29.9 29.3 Bahamas, The 102.3 100.1 100.7 100.0 87.5 90.2 101.0 107.7 Barbados 88.8 94.4 94.4 99.6 86.0 96.9 93.0 96.8 Belize 115.2 122.8 122.3 131.9 107.7 115.6 124.3 Bolivia 51.4 74.5 76.1 82.9 68.6 75.5 82.5 85.1 Brazil 22.4 25.8 25.2 27.1 22.1 22.8 24.5 26.6 27.6 Chile 61.0 71.9 75.8 81.0 66.8 69.8 72.9 68.4 65.5 Colombia 35.1 38.2 36.3 38.1 34.3 33.7 38.7 38.2 37.4 Costa Rica 92.6 104.4 102.2 100.6 84.0 79.1 79.2 78.7 73.9 Dominica 101.7 89.8 93.1 99.4 87.3 90.9 86.9 88.6 Dominican Rep. 77.5 68.0 66.7 64.7 52.5 57.2 60.4 59.1 57.6 Ecuador 49.5 59.7 62.6 68.1 52.1 62.1 66.0 64.0 63.6 El Salvador 65.8 71.8 74.2 76.6 61.9 68.8 74.6 69.7 72.2 Grenada 99.5 80.1 82.4 77.7 69.4 70.9 74.0 73.3 Guatemala 55.9 66.8 67.9 64.1 57.1 62.1 64.0 61.0 58.6 Guyana 203.2 Haiti 47.8 59.5 52.2 56.9 56.7 73.7 67.6 61.4 Honduras 114.3 133.1 135.1 135.7 96.9 109.4 122.2 120.6 117.5 Jamaica 90.0 100.8 101.3 113.6 86.9 80.9 83.9 83.4 Mexico 51.3 56.4 57.1 58.1 56.0 60.9 63.7 66.4 64.2 Nicaragua 60.4 76.8 82.6 87.8 77.9 85.5 95.8 101.0 92.9 Panama 144.5 146.2 145.4 149.0 138.7 139.7 158.3 154.8 137.7 Paraguay 93.6 107.8 103.5 103.5 96.3 106.6 102.7 99.9 92.7 Peru 36.6 51.1 53.9 56.6 46.4 50.0 55.2 51.7 48.4 St. Kitts and Nevis 103.2 88.4 83.6 86.6 72.9 77.2 74.6 80.3 St. Lucia 116.1 112.7 105.1 114.5 101.0 113.0 106.7 103.6 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 103.4 88.0 89.8 92.2 86.0 84.0 84.6 85.7 Suriname 66.3 Trinidad and Tobago 99.2 118.7 102.3 107.1 90.9 92.4 151.0 Uruguay 43.1 62.0 59.2 65.2 55.3 53.4 54.0 55.8 Venezuela, RB 49.9 58.7 56.2 51.8 38.5 46.1 49.6 50.4 Source: World Development Indicators. http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/tableview.aspx?t=tableviewsavedlg=1 Exports of good and services (% of GDP) Country Average20062007200820092010201120122013 (1996- 2005) Antigua and Barbuda 65.0 48.0 45.1 46.4 46.6 46.1 47.6 46.3 Argentina 14.0 20.4 19.8 19.9 17.4 17.5 17.8 15.8 14.5 Bahamas, The 43.2 44.7 46.7 46.0 39.9 40.9 43.6 44.8 Barbados 42.3 44.9 45.3 46.0 41.5 46.3 39.3 42.5 Belize 52.5 61.1 61.1 62.3 51.6 58.2 61.2 Bolivia23.2 41.8 41.8 44.9 35.7 41.2 44.1 47.3 Brazil 11.3 14.4 13.4 13.7 11.0 10.9 11.9 12.6 12.6 Chile 31.2 42.4 43.8 41.5 37.2 38.1 38.0 34.2 32.6 Colombia* 16.0 17.6 16.5 17.8 16.0 15.9 18.7 18.3 17.7 Costa Rica** 45.3 49.1 48.7 45.4 42.3 38.2 37.2 37.2 35.1 Dominica 44.9 37.8 35.8 35.9 32.4 35.7 33.8 38.8 Dominican Rep.* 36.2 30.0 28.8 25.5 22.2 23.0 25.0 25.1 26.0 Ecuador* 24.0 30.3 31.9 34.2 25.2 28.7 31.5 30.9 30.5 El Salvador* 25.6 25.7 25.9 26.9 23.2 25.9 28.0 25.6 26.4 Grenada 39.1 23.0 24.9 23.0 22.6 21.8 23.7 24.1 Guatemala 22.5 24.9 25.6 24.7 24.0 25.8 26.6 24.9 23.7 Guyana 94.9 Haiti 12.6 14.5 13.2 12.7 14.1 12.1 13.4 13.3 Honduras 51.0 56.1 53.5 51.3 39.5 45.8 51.3 50.4 47.9 Jamaica 37.5 40.1 39.7 41.9 34.5 31.3 30.4 30.4 Mexico 25.4 27.6 27.7 27.9 27.3 29.9 31.2 32.631.7 Nicaragua 20.0 27.0 29.0 31.3 30.9 35.9 40.1 43.0 40.5 Panama** 73.9 76.7 76.1 78.7 75.5 70.6 79.3 79.8 71.0 Paraguay* 51.6 58.7 56.7 54.0 51.5 55.1 52.6 51.3 49.7 Peru* 17.5 30.2 30.5 28.4 25.2 26.6 29.7 26.6 23.7 St. Kitts and Nevis 42.2 37.4 33.7 31.3 23.9 28.8 31.3 34.3 St. Lucia 53.7 43.2 39.9 45.3 46.1 50.2 43.2 44.7 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 43.8 34.7 31.0 30.2 28.5 26.9 27.5 27.6 Suriname 24.5 †¦ Trinidad and Tobago 54.3 81.4 65.2 71.4 52.3 58.9 88.1 Uruguay21.3 30.3 29.1 30.2 28.0 27.2 26.8 26.2 Venezuela, RB 30.2 36.5 31.1 30.8 18.1 28.5 29.9 26.2 Source: World Development Indicators. http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/tableview.aspx?t=tableviewsavedlg=1 Change in Income Inequality is the Selected Countries http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/chart.aspx# Works Cited Frieden, Jeffry, and Lake, David, and Kenneth Schultz. Chapter Ten-â€Å"Development: Causes of the Wealth and Poverty of Nations†, World Politics: Interests, Interactions, Institutions. 2nd Ed. New York: W. W. Norton, 2012. p. 386-418. Print . Chapter Fourteen-â€Å"The Future of International Politics†, World Politics: Interests, Interactions, Institutions. 2nd Ed. New York: W. W. Norton, 2012. p. 534- 577. Print IMF (International Monetary Fund). World Economic Outlook. Washington, DC. 2014. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/02/pdf/text.pdf IMF (International Monetary Fund). Chapter Four: Globalization and Inequality. World Economic Outlook. Washington, DC. 2007. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2007/02/pdf/c4.pdf World Bank (WB). World Development Indicators. Trade (% of GDP) http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/tableview.aspx?t=tableviewsavedlg=1 World Bank. World Development Indicators. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/tableview.aspx?t=tableviewsavedlg=1 World Bank. World Development Indicators. Gini Index. Created 12/12/2014 http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/chart.aspx#

Project Management Problems

In replying the below inquiries you are to supply a brief analysis of the place at jurisprudence, backed with commendations of the relevant legal commissariats, case-law and commentary. Address the points tersely in such a mode as to demo that you have understood the rules that come into drama and modulate the state of affairs being described.Undertaking Manager is approached by a client who would wish to contract Project Manager’s services as a undertaking director. Undertaking Manager would wish to restrict his exposure to amendss in position of the fact that he will necessitate to contract the services of assorted professionals to complete the occupation.How can he make that?As stated in the Civil Code 960, ‘A contract is an understanding or an agreement between two or more individuals by which an duty is created, regulated, or dissolved.’ This means that if the Project Manager is contracted by the Client, and in bend the Project Manager contracts 3rd parties, the Project Managerstraightwill reply, in favor of the Client for the amendss that are caused by those 3rd parties that the Project would hold engaged. The primary method of understating exposure to amendss is to choose for an Indemnity insurance. This means that in instance of harm, the insurance would counterbalance the Undertaking Manager ( or the client in inquiry, straight ) . Furthermore, the insurance company on payment of the damages, would be subrogated in the rights of its client/project director, thereby it can turn against the party who is found to be responsible for the amendss. Alternatively, On the other manus, the Project Manager has two possible contractual understandings, each with different legal and practical deductions:A Contract with the client and a sub-contract with the 3rd party professional ( ‘sub-contractors’ ) . With a position to minimise the hazards, the latter contract should reproduce the same hazards and precautions which would hold been included in the chief understanding, i.e. The understanding between the client and undertaking director.A contract with the client for supervising the undertaking, where the client has a distinguishable contract with the 3rd party professionals ( the sub-contractors ) .To restrict exposure to amendss, option 2 is safer, but may non be acceptable from the client’s point of position who himself would desire to restrict his exposure/risks. In this instance, each contract would be one where, ‘the individual set abouting the work shall confer merely his labor or accomplishment, or tha t he shall besides provide the materials.’ ( Civil Code 1663 ) . Furthermore, the Project Manager would in bend be dissolved from any incompetence by the other professionals because as stated in the Civil Code 1037, ‘where a individual for any work or service whatsoever employs another individual who is unqualified, or whom he has non sensible evidences to see competent, he shall be apt for any harm which such other individual may, through incompetency in the public presentation of such work or service, cause to others.’ In such instances, the client is considered to be a contractor, and hence is apt ‘for the Acts of the Apostless of the individuals employed by him.’ ( Civil Code 1642 ) In the latter instance, if a client files for amendss against the Project Manager, said Project Manager may raise the supplication that he is non the 1 to reply for the amendss of the 3rd party sub-contractors ( since he would non hold contracted them ) and may besides name to the suit the said 3rd parties or in bend file for amendss against the sub-contractors, as stated under Article 1038 of the Civil Code ‘Any individual who without the necessary accomplishment undertakes any work or serve shall be apt for any harm which, through his unskilfulness, he may do to others.’ In the former instance ( where the Project Manager contracts straight with the Client ) , if the client files for amendss against the Project Manager, the said Project Manager may non raise the supplication that he is non the 1 to reply for the amendss of the 3rd party sub-contractors ( since he would non hold contracted them ) . Furthermore, he may arguably NOT sell to the suit the said 3rd parties, but if found responsible ( for the Acts of the Apostless or skips of the said 3rd parties, which the client would hold to turn out anyhow ) so he MAY in bend file for amendss against the sub-contractors, as stated under Article 1038 of the Civil Code ‘Any individual who without the necessary accomplishment undertakes any work or serve shall be apt for any harm which, through his unskilfulness, he may do to others.’ In any given instance, noteworthy in the context being discussed, the rule contemplated under Article 1138 of the Civil which states that ‘Where the understanding provides that the party who fails to transport it out shall pay a certain amount by manner of amendss, it shall non be lawful to present to the other party a greater or lesser sum.’Does it do a difference if the client is a natural individual undertaking the occupation for his/her personal demands or if the client is abargainer [ SM1 ]? Why?In this instance, a differentiation between Natural [ SM2 ] and Legal individual [ SM3 ] has to be given. The natural individual is by and large a physical entity that is responsible in his ain name for any skip [ SM4 ] , unless he proves that he has contracted on behalf of others. On the other manus, a legal individual is one that is non-physical ( like for illustration a company ) . A natural individual and a legal individual have the ability to either contract in their na me or on behalf of others. Both parties enjoy the ability to come in into contracts. When a Undertaking Manager is undertaking with a legal individual, he is undertaking non with persons but with the company itself, which enjoys a separate legal personality from its members/shareholders.Undertaking Manager is an designer and, apart from moving as undertaking director, will be personally responsible for the construction/ change works. He would wish to restrict his exposure for defects as best he could.How can he make this contractually?First and first, one can non take it for granted that the Project Manager is the designer, intending that if the Project Manager did non straight take portion in the programs and building of the undertaking, he/she shall non be found apt on the footing of the fact that he besides happens to be an designer by profession. Furthermore, one has the right to even diminish contractually the 15 twelvemonth clip span in instance of defects. Such timespan is gi ven in the Civil Code ( 1638 ) , ’If a edifice or other considerable rock work erected under a edifice contract shall, in the class of 15 old ages from the twenty-four hours on which the building of the same was completed, perish, entirely or in portion, or be in apparent danger of falling to destroy, owing to a defect in the building, or even owing to some defect in the land, the designer and the contractor shall be responsible therefor.’Does it do a difference if the client is a natural individual moving in his/her personal capacity or a bargainer?As antecedently mentioned, a natural individual is by and large a physical entity that is responsible in his ain name, unless he proves that he has contracted on behalf of others. On the other manus, a legal individual ( bargainer ) [ Di5 ] is one that is non-physical ( like for illustration a company ) . There is a given that whoever contracts does so in his ain name, unless he proves that he has contracted in the name of another individual. The debitor has the duties to do it clear that he is undertaking in the name of a company. The foregoing considerations apply whether the client is a natural individual ( single or bargainer ) or a legal individual ( company ) .Undertaking Manager is engaged and in order for him to carry through his battle he issues petitions for citations to three providers of stuffs. He stipulates a cap. They all reply with a quotation mark within the cap.Has an understanding been formed?No, an understanding has non been formed. Invitations to offer occurred when the Project Manager asked for a quotation mark. If this is non accepted, no contract has been formed. Said offer is capable to acceptance until and unless that offer is accepted, there is no contract.If so, at what phase [ SM6 ]?[ Di7 ]A contract is ‘an understanding reached between two or more parties which is lawfully enforceable when executed in conformity with specific requirements.’ Note that contract s should be specific to the undertaking in inquiry, every bit good as reflecting the understanding between the parties in inquiry. Contracts are adhering understandings, which is why it is of great importance that all parties understand the footings entailed by said contract, including rights and duties. Every contract consists of the followers:Offer ;Credence ;‘Acceptance ‘ occurs when both parties arrive to an unqualified understanding of all the offered footings. However, a period of dialogue normally occurs. The purpose of the dialogues is to present new footings and conditions and counter offers to the original offer, so as to get to an understanding that satisfies all parties. Communication of credence The credence of the contract offer occurs merely when the credence is communicated to the offerer. This includes methods like:By telephoneWriteIf non, why? And what is required to organize the contract?No credence has been given by the Project Manager to any of the provided quotation marks. For a contract to be formed, an exchange of an offer from, in this instance the providers, and an credence from the Project Manager must happen. Note that both parties must hold the purpose to adhere themselves. Furthermore, both offer and credence must beecht Acts of the Apostless of will that manifest the relevant consent. It is deserving nil that a contract is valid despite being non written, i.e. Credence by word of oral cavity or electronic mail is besides a contract, unless the jurisprudence expressly requires that the understanding should be in composing. These necessities of offer and credence are non mentioned in the Civil Code ( unlike Italian Civil Code ) . They are specifically mentioned in the Commercial Code and Electronic Commerce Act. The civil codification ( under 966 ) merely spells what is required for the cogency of a contract: (a) Capacity of the parties to contract ; (B) The consent of the party who binds himself ; (degree Celsiuss) A certain thing which constitutes the subject-matter of the contract ; (vitamin D) A lawful consideration.The most favorable quotation mark, from A, comes with a clause saying that â€Å"An understanding must be made in authorship and all payments must be made in advance.† Project director writes to A accepting the quotation mark. Is this sufficient?Yes, in this instance, there is sufficient cogent evidence that a contract has been formed. An offer has been given by A, which was so accepted ‘in writing’ by the Project Manager, a phase of personal businesss which is so confirmed by the fact that works would later be undertaken, in pursuit of and in conformity with the same quotation mark.Undertaking director pays the monetary value and A provides the stuffs, but these are found non to be in line with the specifications requested. What is the consequence of this? What are Project Manager’s options at jurisprudence?When a marketer is selling building stuff, he is ‘bound to justify the thing sold against any latent defects w hich render it unfit for the usage for which it is intended, or which diminish its value to such an extent that the purchaser would non hold bought it or would hold tendered a smaller price..’ ( Civil Code Article 1424 ) When such required are non met, the undermentioned occurs:Client dissatisfactionDelaies in undertaking completionThe marketer is ‘answerable for latent defects, even though they were non known to him, unless he has stipulated that he shall non in any such instance be bound to any warranty.’ As a consequence of this, the Project Manager has two options at jurisprudence ;Actio RedhibitoriaTo return the stuff and have the monetary value repaid to him. Compensation for amendss may be besides implemented.Actio AestimatoriaTo retain the stuff and have a portion of the monetary value repaid to him which shall be determined by the tribunal.Civil Code Article 1434, ‘The purchaser, even though at that place be no understanding to that consequence, is bound to pay involvement on the monetary value up to the twenty-four hours of payment at the rate of five per centper annum, randomly in the undermentioned instances: (a) if the thing sold and delivered outputs fruits or other net incomes ; (B) if, even though the thing yields no fruits or other net incomes, he has been called upon by agencies of a judicial hint to pay the monetary value ; (degree Celsiuss) if the bringing of the thing, being movable, has non taken topographic point through the mistake of the purchaser, and the marketer has called upon him, by agencies of a judicial hint, to take bringing of the thing: Provided that in the instances mentioned in paragraphs (B) and (degree Celsiuss) , involvement shall run merely from the twenty-four hours of the service of the said judicial intimatation.Undertaking director has besides engaged the services of an lineman, B. The contract stated that B had to finish the plants within two months harmonizing to a agenda of plants agreed to. Following the first month it is clear that B has non completed 1/3 of the plants he was to finish within the period of one month. It is clear to project director that B will non finish the plants within two months and now it will be possible for Project Manager to maintain to the timelines imposed on him by client merely if he hires a larger administration to make the plants alternatively of B. But these alternate service suppliers will be more expensive.What are the Project Manager’s options?The Project Manager has the right to register for amendss due to non-performance against the Electrician but would hol d to wait that the term of the contract has expired, as follows:Termination of Contract due to non-performance, ’ Civil Code 1640.( 1 ) it shall be lawful for the employer to fade out the contract, even though the work has been commenced. ( 3 ) If the employer has valid ground for the disintegration, he is to pay the contractor merely such amount which shall non transcend the disbursals and work of the contractor, after taking into consideration the utility of such disbursals and work to the employer every bit good as any amendss which he may hold suffered.’In such instances, choosing for Termination of Contract could ensue in farther holds. One of the Project Manager’s chief functions is to understate amendss, and hence the option of expiration may non be feasible and commercially practical. Punishments would hold been set up contractually that the party in inquiry ( in this instance Electrician B ) , should pay a certain sum for every twenty-four hours of hold . Naturally the Undertaking director would be exposed to liability towards the client but at least he would hold safeguarded himself against the Electrician..Who will hold to bear the addition in costs if Project Manager engages these new service suppliers?The addition in costs are to be incurred by the Electrician B. This includes the followers: Article 1135 of the Civil Code, ’†¦damages due to the creditor are, by and large, in regard of the loss which he has sustained, and the net income of which he has been deprived. Article 1136 of the Civil Code, ’the debitor shall merely be apt for such amendss as were or could hold been foreseen at the clip of the agreement.’Will it do a difference if Project Manager is moving as chief or agent?When a Undertaking Manager is moving as chief, he has to reply for the actions holds. If he’s moving as an agent for a 3rd party, he would be replying in the name of the party, provided that it is clear that the undertaking director is moving in the name of that 3rd party.Undertaking Manager requires pigment. He is approached by a individual who states that he is the local agent of an internationally celebrated industry and the said â€Å"agent† offers a really advantageous monetary value. Undertaking Manager orders the pigment, this is supplied and Project Manager pays for it. But before the pigment is used Project Manager sees a Notice in the newspaper stating that the international maker has nil to make with the â€Å"agent† and th at the â€Å"agent† is a fraudster. Undertaking Manager does non desire to utilize the pigment as he will non be covered by the â€Å"international guarantee† that was purportedly provided by the international maker. What are his options at jurisprudence?In the instance of fraud, the Project Manager has the right to register for nothingness of the understanding in inquiry. As stated in Article 981 of the Civil Code, ’Fraud shall be a cause of nothingness of the understanding Fraud. When the ruses practised by one of the parties were such that without them the other party would non hold contracted.’ The debitor, which in this instance is the agent providing the pigment, is to pay ‘the compensation in regard of the loss sustained by the creditor, and of the net income of which he was deprived, shall merely include such amendss as are the immediate and direct effect of the non-performance.’ ( Civil Code Article 1137 ) . When the mandatary ( provider of pigment ) acts beyond the authorization given to him by the authorization, he may be found responsible for those actions in his ain name. Page1of12